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[gideon]

33. Radical feminists of the 1970s and 1980s advocated
A) challenging sexism at a grassroots level
B) abandoning sex between men and women
C) rejecting the notion of marriage and family
D) all of the answers above

34. Although Congress approved the Equal Rights Amendment in 1972, the amendment finally died because
A) the time for ratification by the states expired
B) women displayed an increasing indifference to equal rights
C) Congress failed to pass the measure by the required two-thirds majority
D) NOW withdrew its support for legislation it felt was not comprehensive

35. The Supreme Court decision in the 1973 case of Roe v. Wade stated that
A) under the constitutionally guaranteed “right to privacy,” all state laws prohibiting abortion during the “first trimester” of pregnancy were invalid
B) the states had no jurisdiction concerning privacy matters
C) the civil liberties of the unborn were federally protected by the First Amendment
D) issues concerning the “first trimester” of pregnancy came under the jurisdiction of the states

36. The “new science” of ecology that emerged after World War II emphasized
A) preserving nature for the sole reason that it was beautiful
B) genetic engineering as a way of avoiding congenital diseases
C) the importance of the interrelatedness of the world’s environment
D) the possibility of cloning body parts for transplants

37. During the 1968 election campaign, Richard Nixon referred to the Vietnam War with the dramatic phrase of
A) “death before dishonor”
B) “peace with honor”
C) “no substitute for victory”
D) “peace in our time”


38. When Richard Nixon became president in 1969, he was committed to all of the following objectives except
A) achieving international stability
B) ending the Vietnam War
C) restoring order in America
D) settling the abortion issue

39. In an effort to bring an end to the controversy over the Vietnam War, Richard Nixon’s first moves were to authorize changing U.S. policy by
A) creating the draft lottery and gradually withdrawing U.S. troops from Vietnam
B) bombing North Vietnamese harbors and negotiating with the North Vietnamese
C) bombing the Cambodian staging areas and the Ho Chi Minh Trail
D) immediately withdrawing U.S. troops from Vietnam and signing a ceasefire agreement with the North Vietnamese

40. The most intense antiwar activity and the repeal of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution occurred as a result of the
A) release of the Pentagon Papers
B) Cambodian invasion of 1970
C) “Christmas bombing” of 1972
D) Vietnamization policy


41. Nixon’s approach to U.S. policy in Vietnam finally resulted in a negotiated settlement (the Paris accords), which provided for
A) a reunified Vietnam
B) the release of several hundred American prisoners of war
C) the withdrawal of North Vietnamese troops from the South
D) removal of Chinese Communist troops from North Vietnam


42. Nixon’s efforts to establish a new relationship with China were a result of his belief that Communist China
A) must be strengthened to counteract the power of the Soviet Union
B) would ally itself with the Soviet Union if the United States did not prevent it
C) must be reunited with the Chinese of Taiwan
D) would pull out of North Vietnam if allied with the United States

43. The Nixon-Kissinger policy toward the Third World, as expressed in the Nixon Doctrine, signified that
A) Third World countries would receive substantial financial support from the United States
B) U.S. interests in the Third World had declined
C) the United States would attempt to establish stronger political alliances with Third World countries
D) the United States would support leftwing governments in Third World countries

44. The Yom Kippur War of 1973 altered America’s relationship with the countries of the Middle East. One lesson the United States learned was that
A) U.S. support for Israel would improve relations with Egypt
B) in the future, the United States would have to consider the interests of the Arab nations as well as those of Israel
C) Third World nations would now be more cooperative with the United States
D) support for Egypt might jeopardize future oil shipments to the United States



45. American actions in the settlement of the Yom Kippur War of 1973 resulted in
A) censure of the United States by the United Nations
B) the withdrawal of Israeli troops from Jordan
C) an oil embargo against the United States by the Arab nations
D) the closing of the Suez Canal

46. In 1973, for the first time since World War II, the United States faced
A) increasing competition from OPEC countries in oil sales
B) declining gasoline prices
C) an insufficient fuel supply
D) decreasing dependence on oil imports from the Middle East and Africa