1. Acceleration involves a change in ____. (1 point)
time
direction
speed
both b and c
2. On a speed-time graph, a horizontal line shows the change in speed is ____. (1 point)
-10
10
1
0
3. Momentum is a measure of ____. (1 point)
how hard it is to stop an object
the amount of matter in an object
the tendency of an object to change its motion
the amount of force acting on an object
4. If gravity did not affect the path of a horizontally thrown ball, the ball would ____. (1 point)
go straight up
travel horizontally
fall straight down
follow a curved path
5. The upward force on an object falling through the air is ____. (1 point)
air resistance
inertia
gravity
terminal velocity
6. A 300-N force acts on a 25-kg object. The acceleration of the object is ____. (1 point)
7,500 m/s²
300 m/s²
25 m/s²
12 m/s²
7. The statement "for every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction" is a statement of ____. (1 point)
the law of conservation of momentum
Newton's first law
Newton's second law
Newton's third law
8. A fixed, single pulley that is used to lift a block does which one of the following? (1 point)
doubles the force required to lift the block
decreases the force required to lift the block
makes the block easier to lift by changing the direction of the force needed to lift it
decreases the force required and changes the direction of the force required
9. The work output of a machine divided by the work input is the ____ of the machine. (1 point)
efficiency
effort
power
resistance
10. A machine that changes only the direction of a force has a mechanical advantage of ____. (1 point)
1
2
10
100
11. When force is ______ to the direction of motion, no work is done. (1 point)
12. A heat engine ____. (1 point)
changes mechanical energy to thermal energy
changes mechanical energy into electrical energy
changes thermal energy into mechanical energy
changes kinetic energy into thermal energy
13. Most materials ____ when they are heated. (1 point)
condense
freeze
expand
contract
14. Fast food restaurants keep food hot with infrared lamps. The heat is transferred to the food by ____. (1 point)
condensation
conduction
convection
radiation
15. The thermal energy of an object is ____. (1 point)
its potential energy
its average kinetic energy
its potential energy minus its kinetic energy
its kinetic energy plus its potential energy
16. You are in a car going 70 km/h and another car passes you going in the opposite direction at 70 km/h. Do both cars have the same velocity? Explain. (3 points)
17. What is the difference between distance and displacement? (3 points)
18. You push on a crate with a force of 10 N to the right, and your friend pushes on the crate with a force of 25 N to the left. Describe and explain the motion of the crate. (3 points)
19. Two objects that have the same weight are dropped from a tall building. One object is larger and flatter than the other. Explain why the larger object hits the ground last. (3 points)
20. Explain how your teeth work as a wedge. (3 points)
21. An inventor claims to have built a machine that can produce 120 J of work with an input of 110 J. Would you believe the inventor's claim? Why or why not? (3 points)
22. A comfortable summer day is 77°F. What is this on the Celsius scale? (5 points)
23. Explain how heat is transferred between a hot and a cold object by conduction. (3 points)

