According to Diabetes Australia (2011), Diabetes is one of many major chronic conditions. This means it often lasts for a considerably long time. In relation to Melbourne’s health status, type 2 diabetes seems to be causing 275 cases each year and will become highly severe in the near future if actions are not made. Many factors that lead an individual to develop type 2 diabetes include: a family history of the condition, being over the age of 40 and being of south Asian, African, Caribbean, and Chinese descent. However, consuming unhealthy foods and low physical activity levels seem to be the leading factors of the condition, and also the leading factors that individuals have the most control over. According to Wilkinson, R., & Marmot, M (2003) several social determinants are being addressed which hold a strong underlying cause of many health related diseases. Type 2 diabetes also fits into this category and Australians today appear to be mostly influenced by the determinants of ‘Food’ and ‘Transport’.
“Hold back bad blood” an article in Leader Newspaper by Rebecca David, discusses where Melbournians stand in regards to Type 2 diabetes. By 2017, it is predicted that diabetes will become the leading cause of disease burden in Australia, as stated by The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW, 2012). Therefore, in order to stop the numbers from increasing, Diabetes Australia is investing in a national type 2 diabetes prevention program. The Victorian Chief executive of this initiative Greg Johnson states “We need prevention in communities to reduce the common risk factors of overweight obesity, physical activity and unhealthy diets”. On the other hand, a good diet that consists of high fibre carbohydrates, fresh vegetables, fruit and legumes are essential for improving health and well-being, and will surely act as protective factors against Type 2 diabetes. However, the association between developing this condition and un-healthy related foods include many animal fats, salt and sugars. The main drivers that influence individuals not to consume healthy foods are associated with the availability and cost. However, the major social classes that seem to be less likely to purchase healthy foods include the poor; affording only cheaper processed foods, and people living on low income such as young families, the elderly and unemployed individuals. As a result of unhealthy food consumption, Type 2 diabetes is also being influenced by a lack of physical activity, or also known as unhealthy transport.
Due to technological advancements reducing daily physical activity, many jobs and work done at home have led individuals to live a sedentary lifestyle. However, healthy transport can combat these types of negative patterns by increasing the rate of walking and cycling, expanding public transport and reducing car use. Regular exercise as little as 30-minutes a day for Australian Adults can reduce the onset of diabetes and other health related diseases (Department of Health and Ageing, 2010). The national type 2 diabetes prevention program Life! has proven to be very successful. To date, it has funded between 8000 and 10,000 Victorian diabetics – although there are still 500,000 individuals that are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The participating individuals have given the support to increase their exercise to fight against the disease, and therefore increase healthy transport. The health benefits associated with healthy transport doesn’t only reduce the onset of diabetes, but also prevents other related diseases such as; heart disease by limiting the development of obesity, provides individuals with a sense of wellbeing and reduces the rate of depression in elderly people.
In conclusion, many health related diseases can be prevented with the presence of physical activity and the correct diet, with type 2 diabetes being one of them. In relation to the two social determinants, ‘food’ and ‘transport’, neither of them can act alone when reducing the development of this disease. Each of these factors need to be present in order to make a change to one’s lifestyle. Majority of Individuals living in Australia today have been diagnosed with Diabetes. 4% of the population have the disease, and 7,500 of them died in 2007 (AIHW, 2012). According to the Better Health Channel (2011), following a healthy diet along with regular daily exercise is essential to weight control and therefore reducing the risk of Type 2 diabetes.
The association between diabetes and a sedentary lifestyle with the absence of a healthy diet is extremely underrated to many Australians today. However, with the help of many prevention programs including Life! Which educates and assists in healthy eating, increasing exercise and losing weight; type 2 diabetes will no longer affect 2.5 million working-age Australians. ‘Food’ and ‘transport’ have the biggest influence the onset of type 2 diabetes.

