by egan » Sat Feb 25, 2012 2:08 am
In the beginning, federal laws and state laws were completely separate. You had federal rights and powers defined in federal laws and you had state rights and powers defined in state laws.
As some point the division became blurred as Congress muscled its way into state laws by way of "commerce clause" and "due process" among other things. For example, it wasn't until the US Supreme Court ruled in 2010 that the Second Amendment was applied to limit state laws from restricting firearms.
However, there are still certain areas of federal law that the states "agreed" to delegate exclusively to the feds, including international relations. One example is Arizona's "trespass" law, which has nothing to do with immigration policy. It merely allows a police officer to arrest a person for "trespassing" in Arizona if they are "undocumented aliens" in violation of existing federal laws.