1.The __________________ is a coniferous forest extending across most of the northern area of northern Eurasia and North America.
A. dessert
B. tropical rain forest
C. temperate forest
D. taiga
2. A simple food chain in a wetland is represented here: algae->paramecium->mosquito larva->trout->blue heron. An ecologist doing population counts in the wetland observes a drop in the number of trout over an extended period of time. What change is most likely responsible for the trout decline?
A. Migration of blue herons out of the wetland area.
B. Introduction of a predator that feeds on blue heron eggs.
C. Application of insecticides to wet areas where mosquitoes breed.
D. Implementation of new conservation laws to protect the wetland.
3. Community stability refers to the ability of communities to ___________________ over time.
A. decline
B. increase
C. remain unchanged
4. The rain-shadow effect is tied to _____.
A. mountains
B. prevailing winds
C. precipitation
D. all of the above
6. A biome is a large-scale category containing many communities of a similar nature, whose location is largely controlled by what?
A. human interference
B. species diversithy
C. climate
D. community stability
7. A driver traveling from the coniferous region to the tundra region would most likely observe
A. a decrease in air quality
B. a decrease in biodiversity
C. an increase in deciduous tree species
D. an increase in nighttime temperatures
8. All elements in an ecosystem can be categorized as either abiotic or biotic. Which of the following statements uses either "abiotic" or "biotic" correctly?
A. Abiotic factors in a tropical rainforest include mutualism and the diversity of plants on the forest floor.
B. On a farm, one important biotic factor to monitor is the moisture content of the soil.
C. If you own a fish tank, two abiotic factors that you should regularly measure are the water's temperature and its pH.
D. Volcanoes emit large amounts of carbon dioxide, a biotic factor that can affect climates.
9. Only about 3% of water is
A. saltwater
B. fresh water
C. purified
10. A student has set up an artificial ecosystem for a class project. This ecosystem has producers, first-level consumers, second-level consumers, and third-level consumers. By accident, a chemical enters the ecosystem and kills all of the first-level consumers. What group(s) of organisms will most likely survive?
A. producers
B. second-level consumers
C. second-level and third-level consumers
D. third-level consumrs and producers

